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辞赋名篇。东汉张衡作。《文选》见载。二京,指汉西京长安与东京洛阳。《后汉书·张衡传》云:“时天下承平日久,自王侯以下,莫不逾侈。衡乃拟班固《两都》,作《二京赋》,因以讽谏。精思傅会,十年仍成。”一说:“昔班固覩世祖迁都于洛邑,惧将必逾溢制度……
辞赋名篇。东汉张衡作。《文选》见载。二京,指汉西京长安与东京洛阳。《后汉书·张衡传》云:“时天下承平日久,自王侯以下,莫不逾侈。衡乃拟班固《两都》,作《二京赋》,因以讽谏。精思傅会,十年仍成。”一说:“昔班固覩世祖迁都于洛邑,惧将必逾溢制度,不能遵先圣之正法也,故假西都宾盛称长安旧制,有陋洛邑之议,而为东都主人折衷以答之。张平子薄而陋之,故更造焉”(《艺文类聚》载《西京赋·序》)。上篇《西京赋》,假借凭虚公子之口,先状西京地理形势之优越、高祖之定都,随即从各方极力铺陈西京的豪华奢靡:宫廷建筑的宏伟、城廓宅第的宽整、市场的繁荣、商贾的欺诈、游侠辩士的豪为、郊畿的殷富,及上林禁苑的游猎水嬉、百戏淫乐等。下篇《东京赋》则借安处先生之言,追溯历史,从周姬之末“政用多僻”,到西秦“思专其誃”的破灭,再历数两汉各代帝王,赞美了汉高祖、文帝、武帝、光武帝等的文治武功,又极状洛阳形胜,汉室仪轨等。《西京》意在讽谏,暴露了王室的腐败,反映了某些社会现实;《东京》旨在陈述自己的政治理想和宏伟抱负。文章描摹宏富,变化多端,辅陈夸张,跌宕有致,议论真切。晋夏侯湛《张平子碑》称其“《二京》、《南都》,所以赞美畿辇者与雅颂争流,英英乎其有味与。”刘勰《文心雕龙·诠赋》云:“张衡《二京》,迅拔以宏富。”文章旨在超出《两都》,极力追求完备,铺叙夸饰之不足,则继以风发议论,成为京都大赋长篇之极轨。既是汉代最后一篇京苑大赋,也是前人赋宫殿游猎山川京城的集大成之作。
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