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清诗。七古。吴伟业作。见《梅村家藏稿》卷一○。陈圆圆,明末名妓,声色甲天下,后为镇守山海关总兵吴三桂之妾。李自成攻占北京后,陈圆圆被俘。吴三桂闻讯后,勾引清兵入关,遂演成明朝彻底灭亡,清贵族入主中原的惨剧。降清后,吴三桂一度飞黄腾达,被封为……
清诗。七古。吴伟业作。见《梅村家藏稿》卷一○。陈圆圆,明末名妓,声色甲天下,后为镇守山海关总兵吴三桂之妾。李自成攻占北京后,陈圆圆被俘。吴三桂闻讯后,勾引清兵入关,遂演成明朝彻底灭亡,清贵族入主中原的惨剧。降清后,吴三桂一度飞黄腾达,被封为王。这首长篇叙事诗即作于吴三桂显赫之时。诗中以明末清初李自成入京,崇祯自杀,清兵入关为历史背景,以吴陈关系为线索,通过对陈圆圆曲折经历的描绘,对吴三桂为了夺回爱妾陈圆圆,不惜卖国投降的可耻行径,进行了委婉辛辣的讽刺。对李自成起义军持敌视态度。全诗共七十八句,可分为三部分。前八句为第一部分,交代背景,由“冲冠一怒为红颜”一句引出主要人物陈圆圆。第二部分共六十二句(从“相见初经田窦家”到“一代红妆照汗青”)主要是介绍陈圆圆的身世经历。作者同情她的不幸遭遇,但也揭露了她追慕富贵享受的庸俗一面。最后八句为第三部分,抒发诗人的感慨,预言吴三桂不会有好下场。这首诗辞采华美,语言尖锐锋利而又委婉含蓄。基本上四句一节,每节一韵,平仄韵交替使用,韵律和谐舒缓,节奏明快活泼,读来朗朗上口。形式上受《长恨歌》影响很大。
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